HIS Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows:—.

Soldiers of the Royal 22nd Regiment from Quebec City stands guard on one of the many bridges in Montreal after the War Measures Act was invoked on Oct. 16, 1970. War Measures Act The War Measures Actwas a federal law that gave the Canadian government extra powers during times of “war, invasion, and insurrection, real or apprehended [feared].” The bill passed into law on August 22, 1914 just after the outbreak of World War I. Citation: An Act to confer certain powers upon the Governor in Council and to amend the Immigration Act, SC, 1914, c 2. No person who is held for deportation imder this Act or under any regulation made thereunder, or is under arrest or detention as an alien enemy, or upon suspicion that he is an alien enemy, or to prevent his departure from Canada, shall be released upon bail or otherwise discharged or tried, without the consent of the Minister of Justice. Photo: Canadian Press. A Trudeau government at the helm. Life behind barbed wire was, historian Kassandra Luciuk reveals, a life-threatening ordeal mainly meted out to people judged to be “enemy aliens” because they had the bad luck to be born under the rule of the wrong empire. 4. This Act may be cited as The War Measures Act… Fifty years ago in Québec might seem to be another world, yet it’s also part of our present coronavirus pandemic world. The Wilson Institute for Canadian History — in partnership with Université Laval, McGill-Queen’s University Press and the Bulletin d’histoire politique — is hosting a conference Oct. 15-16 on the 50th anniversary of the October Crisis. Maxime Dagenais is Coordinator of the Wilson Institute for Canadian History/Adjunct Assistant Professor of History at McMaster University and Ian McKay is Director of the Wilson Institute for Canadian History at McMaster University. 8. 1. Every court mentioned in the two preceding sections shall have power to make rules governing the procedure upon any reference made to, or proceedings taken before, such court or a judge thereof under the said sections. Then came Section 98, added to Canada’s Criminal Code in 1919, which made it a criminal offence to belong to any association whose purpose was to bring about “governmental, industrial or economic change in Canada” through the use of advocacy of force or violence.

A cloud of rumours and conspiracy theories.

To this day, the imposition of War Measures stirs bitter memories in Montréal and Québec. The invocation of the War Measures Act in 1970 was part of a long tradition. Thanks to vastly fortified means of surveillance via technology, the ability to regulate the lives of citizens can now be carried out on a microscopic level beyond anything imagined by Mackenzie King or Pierre Trudeau. By and large, both in Québec and the rest of Canada, people were convinced then that the state had acted appropriately to quell an insurrection by a radical cell of Québec separatists. Only with time did many question the government’s actions, with some arguing that Ottawa’s case seemed far-fetched and self-interested. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 8 of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police Act, Revised Statutes, 1906, chapter 91, the Governor in Council may from time to time authorize the appointment of such number of constables, supernumerary constables, scouts and boys, in addition to the numbers limited by the said section, as he thinks necessary. The invocation of the War Measures Act in 1970 was part of a long tradition. An Act to confer certain powers upon the Governor

By: Canada (Parliament) Whenever any property or the use thereof has been appropriated by His Majesty under the provisions of this Act, or any order in council, order or regulation made thereunder, and compensation is to be made therefor and has not been agreed upon, the claim shall be referred by the Minister of Justice to the Exchequer Court, or to a Superior or County Court of the province within which the claim arises, or to a judge of any such court. Prompted by two high-profile kidnappings and the assassination of Québec’s minister of labour and vice-premier, the government of Pierre Trudeau suspended civil liberties and … 11. If any such person is also prosecuted for any offence of which he may have been guilty, he shall be liable to undergo any punishment imposed upon him under such prosecution before he is deported.”. Across Canada — but most of all in Québec — hundreds were arrested, denied legal counsel and ultimately released, often without any explanation. The Governor in Council may prescribe the penalties that may be imposed for violations of orders and regulations made under this Act, but no such penalty shall exceed a fine of five thousand dollars or imprisonment for any term not exceeding five years, or both fine and imprisonment, and may also prescribe whether such penalty be imposed upon summary conviction or upon indictment. More than 8,000 men, women and children — many from the Austro-Hungarian, German and Ottoman Empires — were interned. At the beginning of the pandemic, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau mused about using the Emergencies Act for the first time to allow the government to, among other things, have total control over medical supplies. The issue of a proclamation by His Majesty, or Evidence of under the authority of the Governor in Council shall be conclusive evidence that war, invasion, or insurrection, real or apprehended, exists and has existed for any period of time therein stated, and of its continuance, until by the issue of a further proclamation it is declared that the war, invasion or insurrection no longer exists. Ordinary citizens under siege. Gastown Riot. The Emergencies Act has a controversial legacy, one that historians have regularly critiqued and pointed out. In popular culture [ edit ] The Revolution Script , a fictionalised account by Northern Irish - Canadian novelist Brian Moore of key events in Quebec's October Crisis, was published in Canada and the United States at the end of 1971 . Prompted by two high-profile kidnappings and the assassination of Québec’s minister of labour and vice-premier, the government of Pierre Trudeau suspended civil liberties and enhanced police powers of arrest and interrogation.

This allowed the government to confiscate property, ban publications, intern inconvenient Canadian trade unionists, socialists, minorities and, most famously, more than 22,000 Japanese Canadians.

All acts and things done or omitted to be done prior to the passing of this Act and on or after the first day of August, A.D. 1914, by or under the authority of or ratified by,—. And this brings us back to October 1970. Individual lives were negatively affected. Click here to view the original document (PDF). But Section 98 generated more mayhem and resistance than deference, so Mackenzie King’s Liberals, keen to win support on the left, ended it in 1936. Canadians should remember that before granting their governments sweeping — and not easily revoked — powers. The statute, barely two pages long, gave the federal government the power to suspend all rights. wares or merchandise dealt with, contrary to any order or regulation made under this Act, may be seized and detained and shall be liable to forfeiture, at the instance of the Minister of Justice, upon proceedings in the Exchequer Court of Canada or in any Superior Court. Fifty years on, few people remember that many eminent contemporaries of Pierre Elliott Trudeau were very critical of his government’s decision to invoke the War Measures Act in October 1970, following two politically-motivated kidnappings by the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ). No resident of Canada, whether he is a Canadian citizen or not, and whether he has a Canadian domicile or not, who leaves Canada to perform any military or other service for any country then at war with His Majesty, or for the purpose of aiding or abetting in any way His Majesty’s enemies, shall be permitted to land in Canada, or remain therein, except witli the permission of the Minister. It gave the federal cabinet sweeping powers to censor publications, jail citizens, take over and dispose of private property. Welcome to Québec in 1970 — on the eve of the October Crisis.

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