Only eleven of the workers on the span were recovered alive, and some bodies were never found. With files from Radio-Canada's Maxime Bilodeau, Cathy Senay and CBC's Angelica Montgomery, Audience Relations, CBC P.O. How… Many of our people have objected to any contribution being given by the city unless the bridge is built opposite the town, and the CHRONICLE like every other good citizen of Quebec would prefer to see it constructed at Diamond Harbor, and has contended in the interests of the city for this site as long as there seemed to be any possibility of securing it there. "That was half the population of the men at that time, the workforce," said Chief Martin Laborgne, who attended Wednesday's commemorative mass and First Nation ceremony for those who died. Despite its private ownership, CN receives federal and provincial funding to undertake repairs and maintenance on the structure. [20][21][verification needed] Immediately, fears of German sabotage were reported but it was soon clear that another tragic construction accident had befallen the structure (a problem with the hoisting devices). Before the Quebec Bridge was built, the only way to travel from the south shore of the St. Lawrence in Lévis to the north shore at Quebec City was to take a ferry or use the winter-time ice bridge. While about 100 people were working on it, 15,000 tonnes of iron fell into the St. Lawrence River in a matter of seconds. “It is with keenest regret that we record the collapse on Aug. 29 of the great cantilever bridge under construction over the St. Lawrence River at Quebec. Thereafter, QBRC consulting engineer Theodore Cooper was completely in charge of the works,[13] and on July 1, 1905,[10] Schreiber was demoted and replaced as deputy minister and chief engineer by MJ Butler. It is estimated that 60% of the bridge is covered in corrosive rust. Szlapka, the designing engineer of the Phoenix Bridge Company. The anchorage arm and the north-south cantilever were built between 1913 and 1916. CN Rail has deemed the proposed sanding and restorative paint work to be "aesthetic" and therefore unnecessary, a categorization supported by a ruling of the Superior Court of Quebec.The corrosion, accelerated by exposure to extremes of weather, will ultimately result in the loss of the bridge's mechanical properties—and potentially, its structural integrity as well. The Quebec Bridge was 20 years in the making, from the found­ ing of the Quebec Bridge Company in 1887 to the bridge’s col­ lapse in 1907. Construction finally began in October 1900. In 1970 the Pierre Laporte Suspension Bridge opened just upstream to accommodate freeway traffic on Autoroute 73. 0`�b�oX"���aC���q����8�d0?d�t�/`}����x��B�)�Q�A���� �t� [����,�x0�0*2�607�m`�`�eR`�aPbPi�����Rt������A,��=@����IH'3p�}dk20ld�{����?�X��8tbfJ�1�4L -0 '��� 0000001576 00000 n <>/Border[0 0 0]/Contents()/Rect[72.0 618.0547 284.3945 630.9453]/StructParent 2/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> Before the Quebec Bridge was built, the only way to travel from the south shore of the St. Lawrence in Lévis to the north shore at Quebec City was to take a ferry or use the winter-time ice bridge. The bridge was built as part of the National Transcontinental Railway, which was merged into the Canadian Government Railways and later became part of the Canadian National Railway (CN). The Tacoma Narrows Bridge was built in Washington during the 1930s and opened to … The Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapses due to high winds on November 7, 1940. 0000002953 00000 n The dead load was too heavy. D. Middleton: "The Bridge at Quebec" Indiana University Press, 2001. [10][14], By 1904, the southern half of the structure was taking shape. ��]O��0�����Jt!��Z~����h��[�5/"�� ���rXD��؃�Mj=F��٪�q��ң� Thirteen people died in front of the eyes of Lomer Gouin, the Quebec premier at the time, and Wilfrid Laurier, the federal opposition leader and former prime minister, who were part of the crowd. 8��JK��!LL�2S��C��u�W�w�T��)L������F��HNX��[�G��U�@�"�=��e-�&%���t�!��pD��a)e������eV �ŀ���1���س�]�6v�*���&3k�A�z|wJ�u{$4�K��y����&O5IZ�6���-Wdg endobj Theodore Cooper had been the consulting engineer for the Quebec Bridge project, and most of the blame for the disaster fell on his shoulders. [6] In 1903, the bond issue was increased to $6,000,000 and power to grant preference shares was authorised, along with a name change to the Quebec Bridge and Railway Company (QBRC). In November 2014, the City of Quebec, City of Lévis, Province of Quebec, and Government of Canada joined in pledging half the estimated $200 million cost of repainting and restoring the Quebec Bridge. endobj Both Federal and Provincial Governments seem disposed to contribute towards the cost, and the City of Quebec will also be expected to do its share. In 2015, the Quebec bridge was included in a list of the 10 most endangered historic sites in Canada by the National Trust of Canada due to long overdue paint and repair work. The Quebec Bridge Company was first incorporated by Act of Parliament under the government of Sir John A. Macdonald in 1887,[3] later revived in 1891,[4] once again revived for good in 1897 by the government of Wilfrid Laurier,[5] who granted them an extension of time in 1900. A combination of design flaws and management errors caused the first bridge to collapse before completion in 1907. In its final design, the clear span was 548.6 m (1,800 ft) long. %%EOF endstream endobj The Canadian government is now proposing to invest $75 Million to paint the bridge and is asking the Quebec provincial government to step in and invest an estimated additional $275 M to complete the work. 0000003373 00000 n The bridge collapsed during construction on August 29, 1907, killing 75 workers. The bridge across the St. Lawrence River, six-mile above Quebec City, was the brainchild of the Quebec Bridge Company, a group of local business people. Three collapsed spans 240 feet (73 m) were replaced and stood until 2005 when the bridge … The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Copyright © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. The Quebec Bridge Company did contract with William Davis & Sons to build the substructure on August 22, 1899. Seventy five workers were killed in the accident, and there were only 11 survivors from the workers on the span. The bridge project was financially troubled from the beginning. Of these victims, 33 (some sources say 35) were Mohawk steelworkers from the Kahnawake reserve near Montreal; they were buried at Kahnawake under crosses made of steel beams. Tragedy and pride mark 100th anniversary of Quebec City's historic bridge, Timeworn Quebec City bridge could draw inspiration from Scottish twin, The tide of the St.Lawrence was low at the time of the collapse. 660 0 obj When completed it would be the largest structure of its kind and the longest bridge in the world, outstripping the famous Firth of Forth Bridge in Scotland. "To get some of them out, they even cut off some people's arms and legs," he said. And the … The collapse was initiated by the buckling failure of Chord A9L, on the anchor arm near the pier, immediately followed by Chord A9R. A March 1897 article in the Quebec Morning Chronicle noted: The bridge question has again been revived after many years of slumber, and business men in Quebec seem hopeful that something will come of it, though the placing of a subsidy on the statute book is but a small part of the work to be accomplished, as some of its enthusiastic promoters will, ere long, discover. Yet for all the heavy documentation, one colorful theory suggests as the cause of the bridge collapse a bit of West Virginia folklore. Moreover, engineers must be registered in the province in which they work. 655 0 obj 661 0 obj Frants Lichtenberg's letter to his son Steen Lichtenberg in 1954, describing the construction of the Quebec Bridge. He mandated unusually high allowable stresses, and failed to require recalculation of the bridge dead load when the span was lengthened. The fallen central span still lies at the bottom of the river. In the late 19th century, the transportation needs of Quebec led to proposals for bridging the St. Lawrence River. Three engineers were appointed: H. E. Vautelet, a former engineer for the Canadian Pacific Railways, Maurice FitzMaurice from Britain, who worked on the construction of the Forth Bridge, and Ralph Modjeski from Chicago. c s u o h i o . The disaster led to new research and testing methods and better designer-contractor coordination. Undaunted, the city and its engineers made a third attempt, duplicating the second design. The Commissioners found responsibility for the failure to lie at the feet of two men, consulting engineer Theodore Cooper and Peter L. Szlapka, Chief Designing Engineer for Phoenix Bridge Company: (c) The design of the chords that failed was made by Mr. P.L. The panel’s report found that the main cause of the bridge’s failure was improper design of the latticing on the compression chords. On September 11, 1916, when the central span was being raised into position, it fell into the river, killing 13 workers. All went well until the bridge was nearing completion in the summer of 1907, when the QBRC site engineering team under Norman McLure began noticing increasing distortions of key structural members already in place. 659 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/Contents(Civil and Environmental Engineering)/Rect[365.4985 612.5547 540.0 625.4453]/StructParent 4/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> The Quebec Bridge was to be one of the engineering wonders of the world. Digitized By Villanova University With the construction of the railway on the south shore, the city was having trouble competing economically without one at the time. Order URL: Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers. The bridge is immense, not only in length and weight but in width. The disaster showed what unquestionable power an engineer could have at the time in a project that was improperly supervised. In its final design, the clear span was 548.6 m (1,800 ft) long. The collapse was initiated by the buckling failure of Chord A9L, on the anchor arm near the pier, immediately followed by Chord A9R.

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