[71], Desperate to find a way to continue the strike, the AA appealed to Whitelaw Reid, the Republican candidate for vice president, on July 16. Pattison refused to order the town taken by force, for fear a massacre would occur. Contact Us. [83] The AA maintained a rump membership in the steel industry until its takeover by the Steel Workers Organizing Committee in 1936. The union voted to go back to work on Carnegie's terms; the strike had failed and the union had collapsed.[75].

 |  The Homestead strike, also known as the Homestead steel strike or Homestead massacre, was an industrial lockout and strike which began on July 1, 1892, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents on July 6, 1892. [58][59] John Shingle, the captain of the steamboat Little Bill was killed. Jeanne Bullard, and Rob Moore, "Change and Continuity: Steel Workers in Homestead, Pennsylvania, 1880-1895,", Miner, Curtis. [15] The AA strike at the Homestead steel mill in 1892 was different from previous large-scale strikes in American history such as the Great railroad strike of 1877 or the Great Southwest Railroad Strike of 1886. But once emotions had died down, Pattison felt the need to act. The company could not operate for long with strikebreakers living on the mill grounds, and permanent replacements had to be found. The union had been broken; the company had been operating the plant at full capacity for almost a year, since September 1892. Three AA members were found innocent of all charges. [32], The Pinkertons attempted to land under cover of darkness about 4 a.m. A large crowd of families had kept pace with the boats as they were towed by a tug into the town. According to the Battle of Homestead Foundation, seven workers were killed. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. I am willing to take an oath that the workmen fired first, and that the Pinkerton men did not shoot until some of their number had been wounded. The crowd shouted their approval. Eco, Cookies help us deliver our services. But the anarchist and the union wanted the same thing. Hugh O'Donnell, a heater in the plant and head of the union's strike committee, then spoke to the crowd. [56][57] According to one newspaper report, an agent under cannon fire jumped off a barge and drowned. The ensuing battle between Pinkerton agents and striking workers led to the deaths of three Pinkerton agents and nine steelworkers. With only 192 out of more than 3,800 strikers in attendance, the Homestead chapter of the AA voted, 101 to 91, to return to work on November 20, 1892. [27], But unprotected strikebreakers would be driven off. (Capitol Ideas), The Battle for Homestead, 1880-1892: Politics, Culture, and Steel, Harrisburg Industrializes: The Coming of Factories to an American Community, The Battle for Homestead: 1880-1892, Politics, Culture and Steel, Homestead and Community Broadcast Satellite Service, Homestead Extension of the Florida Turnpike. About Us At Joseph Sotak’s grave, Rosemary Trump, a former SEIU organizer, said he died for worker’s rights. Thesaurus, Link to Hugh O'Donnell was removed as chair of the strike committee when he proposed to return to work at the lower wage scale if the unionists could get their jobs back. Carnegie, a pacifist, purposefully avoided the moral dilemmas raised by the Homestead strike by beginning a European vacation before the strike began. If no contract was reached, Carnegie Steel would cease to recognize the union. Accessed April 9,2019, "The evening world. Kids.Net.Au At 10:15 p.m., the two sides agreed to a transfer process. Carnegie’s plant manager Henry Clay Frick increased production demands, but refused to increase wages. The men shot first, and not until three of the Pinkerton men had fallen did they respond to the fire. McCleary, sympathizing with the workers, refused Frick's demands. ", Frick's intent was to open the works with nonunion men on July 6.

The Homestead strike was an industrial lockout and strike at the Homestead steel mill in Pennsylvania. A striker seized a Pinkerton agent's rifle and attempted to break it in two.

Homestead: The Story of a Steel Town (Pittsburgh 1989), Oates, William C. "The Homestead Strike. The Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (AA) was an American labor union formed in 1876. Earlier strikes had been largely leaderless and disorganized mass uprisings of workers. Technically, the Homestead job action began as a lockout, not a strike. They seized a raft, loaded it with oil-soaked timber and floated it toward the barges. Wells, a Bennett Medical College student, who had joined the "expedition" to earn enough money during the summer months. [46][page needed] Weihe urged the strikers to let the Pinkertons surrender, but he was shouted down. a strike of workers at the steelworks in Homestead, Pa., from June to November 1892, one of the sharpest class conflicts in the history of the US workers’ movement of the late 19th and early 20th century. “They want to take us back to 1892," she said. Carnegie installed vastly improved systems of material-handling, like overhead cranes, hoists, charging machines, and bug…

Foner, footnote, p. 207, and p. 208, 210-11. [49], As the Pinkertons were marched through town to the opera house (which served as a temporary jail), the townspeople continued to assault the agents. Klein and T.J. Conners) are listed by name among the eight known dead according to the corner on July 8, 1892. The press also often described the women of the town as 'Hungarians,' playing on nativist hatreds. National Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers of the United States[? and the Carnegie Steel Company[?].. At 9:00 a.m. on July 12, the Pennsylvania state militia arrived at the small Munhall train station near the Homestead mill (rather than the downtown train station as expected). "[30] Many had been hired out of lodging houses at $2.50 per day and were unaware of what their assignment was in Homestead. It was brief — a couple of column inches — mixed in with opinions on higher subway fares, workers’ rights and risky mortgages. Frick survived and continued his role; Berkman was sentenced to 22 years in prison. The 1892 Homestead strike in Pennsylvania and the ensuing bloody battle instigated by the steel plant's management remain a transformational moment in U.S. history, leaving scars that have never fully healed after five generations.
Later, as the agents passed through the gauntlet, a woman poked out an agent's eye with her umbrella. Sniper towers with searchlights were constructed near each mill building, and high-pressure water cannons (some capable of spraying boiling-hot liquid) were placed at each entrance. More than 5,000 men—most of them armed mill hands from the nearby South Side, Braddock and Duquesne works—arrived at the Homestead plant. But the fire burned itself out before it reached the barges. The AA offered to make no demands or set any preconditions; the union merely asked that Carnegie Steel reopen the negotiations. The dispute occurred at the Homestead Steel Works in the Pittsburgh area town of Homestead, Pennsylvania, between the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (the AA) and the Carnegie Steel Company. That dagger remains on display at the museum. The strikers tore down the handbills and told the deputies that they would not turn over the plant to nonunion workers. Letter from Carnegie to Frick dated April 4, 1892, quoted in Foner, p. 207. He’d just returned to his desk on Saturday, July 23 1892, when anarchist Alexander Berkman, wearing a brand new black suit, pushed the door open.



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