B. alpha Centauri. Average-sized stars like our sun leave behind white dwarfs. A white dwarf star is in balance between gravity and degeneracy pressure, but if the mass is too large (greater than 1.4 solar masses, called the Chandrasekhar limit), the degeneracy pressure is not adequate to hold up the star, and the star collapses. Astronomers distinguish white dwarfs from other stars in two ways: (1) since they are faint stars, we can only see the nearby ones, and nearby stars appear to move relative to the background stars (2) they emit most of their light in the blue part of the spectrum. The light a white dwarf gives of is the result of residue heat, given enough time it will cool down to the point that it will no longer emit visible light. Â. Stars emit light at various wavelengths, and whatever photons are mostly being emitted are what we see. With a surface gravity of 100,000 times that of Earth, the atmosphere of a white dwarf is very strange. A black dwarf is a hypothetical stellar remnant created when a white dwarf becomes sufficiently cool to no longer emit significant heat or light . Because it emits no radiation, it is nearly impossible to see. They only reach about 3,700° Celsius (6,700° Fahrenheit), compared with the 5,500 °C (9,900°F) of our sun. White dwarfs have a mass that is comparable to the mass of the Sun, but they … These ancient white dwarfs are 12 to 13 billion years old, only slightly younger than the universe itself. In theory, white dwarfs will eventually stop emitting light and heat and become black dwarfs. A white dwarf looks more or less like any other star – a tiny point of light. The bright source is Sirius B, a white dwarf star. White Dwarf is like the embers of a fire which is slowly going out. But there are several reasons why a new wave is happening. false C) White-dwarf supernovae are common enough that we detect several every year. As a consequence they have extremely high specific heat capacity, but very low surface area compared to their tremendous mass. Red dwarfs are between 0.075 and 0.5 of a single solar mass. Our mission is to bring about better-informed and more conscious decisions about technology through authoritative, influential, and trustworthy journalism. Protostar is the cloud of gases which has its own gravity. Ask a science question, get a science answer. it depends on the composition of the white dwarf. if it comes from a star was a little bit less than 8 solar mass the entire white dwarf is made up... The first white dwarf star, called 40 Eridani B, was discovered on 31 January 1783 by William Herschel.p73It is part of a three star system called 40 Eridani. I'm assuming it is illuminated by some other source of light such as a star. Blackbody radiation spectra of hot light sources ( stars in this case) should have the full visible light spectrum and still stars less massive than the Sun emit reddish light while stars more massive than the Sun emit blue light. Found inside – Page 131White dwarf: dwarf emit white light Length: size of one dimensional space Kinetic energy: abbreviation of moving energy. ... Antimatter: its particle antiproton, antineutron, antielectron will annihilate with corresponding proton, ... Yes, temperature is the most important criterion in any answer @Mithoron . Similar to stellar mass black holes, white dwarfs and neutron stars are remnants of stars after death. Because the universe's oldest stars are only 10 billion to 20 billion years old there are no known black dwarfs—yet. Estimating how long white dwarfs have been cooling can help astronomers learn much about the age of the universe. Ancient white dwarf stars shine in the Milky Way galaxy. Stars like our sun fuse hydrogen in their cores into helium. The other white dwarf has a mass of 0.24 solar masses, a temperature of 8,000 K and a surface gravity similar to that of the binary companion. It can turn on in hours, not millions or billions of years, just like someone is actually doing a trick with light,” he said. The gas in the disc spirals down towards the white dwarf, radiating its gravitational potential energy away as it goes. Energy is released because the helium nucleus has a slightly lower mass than the four original hydrogen nuclei. Power Radiated by Stars A star such as our Sun will eventually evolve to a “red giant” star and then to a “white dwarf” star. The light a white dwarf gives of is the result of residue heat, given enough time it will cool down to … 9.2. A black dwarf is a hypothetical stellar residue of a white dwarf after it has cooled sufficiently that it does not emit heat or light. The largest possible white dwarf mass is 1.4 M Sun. Which is hotter red giant or white dwarf? OK I'm going to have to use scientific notation here: Earth surface area = 5.101 *1018 cm² Sun mass = 1.989 *1030 kg. The grow lights are designed to mimic the sun’s rays. What is the highest possible mass for a white dwarf? So even at millions of degrees kelvin it still takes them billions of years to radiate all their thermal energy out into space because of their small size. White dwarfs are extremely massive and dense. … That means even at their biggest, they’re only half the size of our sun. To answer this question, we must analyze the properties of both a typical White Dwarf and a typical Neutron Star: White Dwarves have a mass somewhe... Found insideWhite Dwarfs—A white dwarf isthe remnant of an averagesized star that has passed through the red giant stage of itslife. ... 1/10 that of the sun, it will glow only briefly untilits energy dies out.What remains is a brown dwarf. The gold rapidly heats the hydrogen creating a high density plasma at a temperatures of 10,000K or so.Â. However, the Universe is not old enough for any such stars to exist, not even close to old enough. To better understand the way white dwarfs emit light, experimental astronomers have recreated the photosphere of these stars using the world’s most powerful X-ray machine Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. But the remains emit black body radiation, like everything that is above absolute zero. All objects emit electromagnetic radiation according to their temperature. Supernovas emit light (which we can see) and particles such as neutrinos and normal matter. answr. The nearest known white dwarf is Sirius B, at 8.6 light years, the smaller component of the Sirius binary star. They are the most common and longest-lived stars in the universe. Found insideDust is widespread in the vicinity of an exploded white dwarf. The accumulation of remnants of very dense radioactive substances eventually forms smaller, bright, newborn stars that emit heat and light for a short duration. These stars lie on the main sequence, the phase of life in which a star steadily converts the hydrogen fuel in its core to helium. The reason for the large delay between idea and observation was that the wavelength brown dwarfs emit light at 1-5 micrometers, near the limits of the IR spectrum. Theyâve begun preliminary experiments with helium and hope to examine the spectra of carbon and oxygen in the near future. Scientists have calculated that a white dwarf will take at least a hundred million billion years to cool down and become a black dwarf, according to … What does green light do for plants? That more or less exactly reproduces the conditions in the atmosphere of a white dwarf. Found inside – Page 12In the so-called polars, or AM Herculis stars, the magnetic field has linked the red dwarf and white dwarf together such that they rotate like a fixed dumbbell, like Pluto and Charon. Polars emit light that is linearly and circularly ... Found inside – Page 224Neutron Star A neutron star is formed as a result of the collapse of a star that is too massive to become a white dwarf and not massive enough to collapse into a black hole. Supernova explosion Stars emit light because light nuclei fuse ... It is part of a three star system called 40 Eridani. Why does the sun emit most of its energy in visible light? The white dwarf star’s ultraviolet radiation ionizes the gas of the planetary nebula and causes it to glow, just as stars do in emission nebulae. If the white dwarf is strongly magnetic, other interesting things happen: more about that in the section on magnetic CVs. This runaway collapse — the supernova — would trigger a huge implosion that ejects the outer layers of the leftover black dwarf. The heavier atoms in its atmosphere sink, and the lighter ones remain at the surface. Some smaller stars are big enough to go supernova, but too small to become black holes — they’ll collapse into super-dense structures called neutron stars after exploding as a supernova. A white dwarf star has ceased all nuclear fusion in its core. So 1.989 *1030 kg, divided by a measly 5.101 *1018 cm². $\endgroup$ A red dwarf is a type of star. What happens if a white dwarf exceeds 1.4 solar masses? No longer emitting heat or light, the white dwarf will become a black dwarf. Thereâs a problem, however. Red Dwarf Stars - They may have the word dwarf in their name, but red dwarf stars are anything but small. Found inside – Page 355Thus we see that only ~ 10" of all baryons can have passed through stellar progenitors of white dwarfs by z > 3. (See [9] for a more detailed ... A parallel limit can be placed using the light emitted by the stellar progenitors. The main-sequence O star is much more luminous than the white dwarf and produces more ultraviolet photons capable of ionizing hydrogen. Why are dwarf stars so bright? The ultimate stage of stellar evolution for many stars is a black dwarf. So, the Sun won’t become a black dwarf for trillions of years — and, in fact, no black dwarfs exist yet, simply because the universe has not been around long enough to allow even the earliest stars to reach this stage. Red dwarfs are also cooler than the sun. White dwarfs are stars that have ceased nuclear fusion but still emit light from stored thermal energy. No longer emitting heat or light, the white dwarf will become a black dwarf. However, the black dwarf would still retain its mass, allowing scientists to detect the effects produced by its gravitational field. They radiate away this residual energy at a very leisurely pace. Found inside – Page 30... the electrons of its constituent atoms give off photons of light at those same wavelengths. an astrophysicist can ... blue to green light only) B M supergiants e d u it n g a m 0 Sun white dwarfs spectral class Temperature range: ... A white dwarf's faint luminosity comes from the emission of stored thermal energy; no fusion takes place in a white dwarf. The second white dwarf was discovered in 1862, but was at first thought to be a red dwarf. These guys use x-rays from this machine to heat a thin wall of gold at the end of a test tube containing hydrogen. However, the Schwarzschild radius for 1 Msun is 3 km, and thus for 3 Msun it is 9km. Previous X-ray studies of 47 Tuc have shown that it contains multiple binaries that are bright in X-rays. I told Australia. Falcon and co then measure the spectrum of the gas to see how the conditions influence it.. Found inside – Page 531A white dwarf is the relic that remains at the very end of the evolution of a star of initial mass between about 0.4 M and 4 M. Thermonuclear reactions are no longer taking place in its interior; it emits light simply because it is ... Depending on the initial mass of the star, it will become either a white dwarf, a neutron star or a black hole. There are currently thought to be eight white dwarfs among the hundred star systems nearest the Sun. The dwarf accretes matter until its own carbon ignites. All hot objects give off light. White Dwarves are the cores of dead stars and still immensely hot. They will eventually cool and dim, but it would... If you look at your oven heating element it’s gonna be reddish, a fire is yellow at the center when the temperature is higer, but orange to red on the outside, a plasma torch will glow white. They are long-lived because they do not emit much radiance. Just cold, dark husks of star. How Does Binary Star System AR Scorpii Emit Energy. At other times, the white dwarf may pull just enough material from its companion to briefly ignite in a nova, a far smaller explosion. The white dwarf will continue to radiate away until it is the same temperature as its environment. White dwarfs emit light because they are very, very hot. The accretion disc usually outshines both the red star and the white dwarf in visible light. Typically, a white dwarf star has the mass of the sun and the radius of the earth but does not emit enough light or other radiation to be easily detected. Found insideWhen its core runs out of of star called a white dwarf, which is a - o dead star made up of oxygen and - carbon. ... After about expands, its heat will dry up the moso | 10 billion years, the glow will water on Earth, and life will no ... reach out to us at It is also approximately 14 billion years old, which … Found inside – Page 189At a distance of a ' mere ' 80 light years , the latter star There is probably one white dwarf for every ten ordinary ... They are , in fact , merely smaller this limit would be cold , and emit no light or radiation of its and slower ... You can immediately rule out seeing black holes because they don't emit any light, and neutron stars because none are bright at visible wavelengths. Are purple grow lights better than white? These stars contain about as much material as the sun, but gravity squeezes them down to the size of Earth. Colder objects emit waves with very low frequency (such as radio or microwaves), while hot objects emit visible light or even ultraviolet and higher frequencies.. Blackbody radiation is a term used to describe the relationship between an object's temperature, and the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation it emits. Found insideSee also electron, neutron, proton. aurora A glowing, fluctuating display of light that is produced when charged ... black dwarf star A white dwarf star that has cooled to such a low temperature that it emits no detectable light. White light is made up of a spectrum of colours, from warm red to cool violet. White dwarfs emit light because they are very, very hot. Found inside – Page 91Such astar,which radiates only because of its internal store of heat, is called a white dwarf. ... When the white dwarf phase begins, its surface temperature is 100,000 K and more! ... gas starts to emit light. If you continue to get this message, Dr. Tucker said the stars are white dwarfs, which will eventually become the Sun, which can emit energy from stars near orbit. Found inside – Page 408There is, for example, the prediction that a light wave that leaves a white dwarf or neutron star will have a longer ... they start to lose energy during their rotation: they will emit gravitational energy, and this will slowly increase ... Found inside – Page 137But in spite of their cooler surfaces, these red stars emit light energy at a staggering rate. ... A star is not just a star; it is a main-sequence star or a white dwarf or a red giant or some other specific type of star. Once the core of a small star has finished all possible fusion it becomes a white dwarf with a temperature of over 100,000 degrees kelvin. The ligh... When the core hydrogen has been depleted, the star gets larger, cooler, and brighter. Light doesn't emit light, but other things do, like stars for example. It will take many billions of years before any are cool enough (~750 K I believe) to not emit light visible to the naked eye. D) White-dwarf supernovae occur only among young and extremely bright stars. Found inside – Page 486Aristotle is known to have commented on the phosphorescence of dead flesh (caused by light-emitting bacteria); indeed the subject of light ... The latest golden oldie to be revived in this way is the white dwarf model of pulsars. Found inside – Page 142While white dwarfs emit light and shine like stars, they are only about the size of Earth and are therefore very dense. A baseball-size chunk of a white dwarf would weigh about half a million pounds on Earth. However, this density does ... These stellar remains emit light. What happens when a white dwarf star dies? It is what is left after a star to small to form a neutron star runs out of fuel. A red dwarf is a type of star. A white dwarf will eventually become a black dwarf. However, this will require trillions of years. There are no black dwarfs in the universe yet be... white dwarf. It will eventually become a black dwarf, but due to the early age of the universe none are thought to have formed yet. The duration of the cooling... customer-service@technologyreview.com with a list of newsletters youâd like to receive. They start with a surface temperature of about 100,000 K and immediately begin to cool. So there is work to be done by Falconâs group and others also working at Sandia. Found inside – Page 273accretion disk A disk of gas that accumulates around a center of gravitational attraction, such as a white dwarf, neutron star, or black hole. ... (9.2) Excited atoms of hydrogen emit light with a wavelength of 1216×10−6 m (that is, ... The gas is largely hydrogen but can also contain helium, various metals and carbon.Â, These elements are all easy to identify by looking at the characteristic frequencies at which the elements emit and absorb light, a technique known as spectroscopy. Found inside – Page 166When they do burn all their nuclear fuel, the red dwarfs will collapse into white dwarf stars (we'll get to those). Like brown dwarfs ... Larger and hotter stars are whiter, and the largest emit light in the blue part of the spectrum. A white dwarf’s faint luminosity comes from the emission of stored thermal energy; no fusion takes place in a white dwarf. How do you say public speaking on a resume? To better understand the way white dwarfs emit light, experimental astronomers have recreated the photosphere of these stars using the world’s most powerful X-ray machine White dwarf stars are objects with the approximate mass of the Sun but the size of Earth, making them one of the densest forms of matter in the universe after black holes and neutron stars. Found inside – Page 219White dwarfs can't contract as they cool and will eventually become black dwarfs. The Chandrasekhar limit means that no ... Accretion disks can become hot enough to emit light and even X-rays. Mass transferred onto the surface of a ... A white dwarf in a binary system accumulates matter from its giant companion in this illustration. White dwarfs emit light because they are very, very hot. Because they emit no heat or light, these objects would be a challenge to detect if they existed today. Astronomers cannot see the glowing carbon embers because white dwarfs are always surrounded by a thin, dense layer of gas, drawn in by the starâs intense gravity.Â, It is this gas that glows with an intense white light at temperatures  usually between 8000K and 16,000Kâby comparison the Sunâs atmosphere is about 6000K. Over 97% of stars in the Galaxy will become white dwarfs. and b because duh . Thatâs easier said than done. So astronomers want to better understand the processes that influence the spectra of white dwarf atmospheres. White dwarf- A small very dense star that is typically the size of a planet .A white dwarf is what stars like the Sun become after they have exhaus... That's such an inconceivable about of time! In larger stars today, this iron pileup is also what leads to the more common so-called core-collapse supernovas. This 160-page book from Michael E. Bakich, retired Astronomy magazine Senior Editor, introduces readers, from novice to experts, to observing the night sky with accurate, easy-to ready star maps optimized for use with red flashlights. The Dutch firm ASML spent $9 billion and 17 years developing a way to keep making denser computer chips. In this volume, the pioneers of Brown Dwarf research review the history of the theoretical prediction and the subsequent discovery of Brown Dwarfs. How old is a white dwarf star? This core becomes a very hot white dwarf, with a temperature exceeding 100,000 Kelvin. It would fall unimpeded through your body, carve a channel through your gut, come out through your nether regions, and burrow a hole toward the center of the Earth. A white dwarf has a higher surface temperature than a red giant star. They make up 70% of all stars and their lifespans range from one to ten trillion years. When combined with other data, such as temperature measurements, this allows them to work out the radius and mass of the star.Â. A more typical old white dwarf of mass $\sim 0.6M_{\odot}$ would still be at a temperature of $\sim 4000$ K and emit a reasonable amount of light at visible wavelengths. ... Normal lights only emit a small amount of light, which is not enough for normal plant growth. The latter category, which includes planets, moons, dust, and gas, will only emit light if it’s either reflected from a luminous source or absorbed and re-emitted from an external energy source. They may have between 0.5 and 1.4 "solar masses" but have a radius comparable only to the size of mars or earth. therefore a white dwarf may have about 390 million metric tons for every square centimeter of it's surface area! Chandra image of Sirius A & B in X-rays. A black dwarf is a theoretical stellar remnant, specifically a white dwarf that has cooled sufficiently that it no longer emits significant heat or light. This means Spitzer would record a brighter transit than it would if the object were a planet, which would block rather than emit light. A teaspoon of white dwarf material would weigh about 15 tons! No longer emitting heat or light, the white dwarf will become a black dwarf. As they age, they will cool, and eventually become black dwarfs: no longer fusing or … Colour temperature, expressed in degrees Kelvin, is a way of describing how ‘warm’ or ‘cool’ the light appears to our eyes. There is a fair amount of disagreement here! Far be it for me to disagree with Viktor T. Toth [ https://www.quora.com/profile/Viktor-T-Toth-1 ] who... Chandra image of Sirius A & B in X-rays. Found inside – Page 121After the red giant phase, the Sun will contract to a white dwarf ... The remains of stars will eventually disappear in the central black hole of the Milky Way, where gravity is so large that even the emitted light falls back. When the embers gone cool and not longer appear on fire, that's the equivalence of a white to black dwarf. Red dwarfs are stars with very low mass and very low luminosity, as compared to the Sun. Because they emit no heat or light, these objects would be a challenge to detect if they existed today. The star’s low temperature means it will no longer emit significant heat or light, and it will become a cold black dwarf. Rotating disk of matter formed by accretion around a massive body i. The resulting collapse and explosion of the white dwarf is believed to be responsible for the so-called Type Ia supernovas . C. white dwarf star. White dwarfs are the stellar remnants of an ordinary low-mass star. During the red giant phase of such a star they shed their outer layers into spa... We can see supernovas that occur in very far away galaxies. Found inside – Page 120All black holes are “ hot ” and will slowly “ evaporate " by emitting light . ... What about the degenerate white dwarf and neutron star remnants formed by stars having too little mass to collapse to black holes ? A. sun. How large are their habitable zones? Red dwarfs typically have a mass of between 7.5% and 40% of the Sun. The Orion nebula is a) a reflection nebula illuminated by newly formed stars. $\begingroup$ The coolest white dwarf in the galaxy is about 3000 K and emits plenty of visible light (as a fraction of its total output). They do this by measuring the visible light, X-rays and radio waves emitted by material in the immediate environment of a black hole. Found inside – Page 76Zero - metallicity stars may not emit carbon , but they certainly emit light ! ... However , FFG00 noted that a galactic wind driven by SNe Ia from these white dwarfs could blow the carbon - enriched gas out of the halo . if it comes from a star was a little bit less than 8 solar mass the entire white dwarf is made up from silicon waiting for a little mass to start run away fusion reaction to create iron that obliterate the whole 1.44 solar mass of the white dwarf into energy which know as Supernova type 1A. The brightest star in the nighttime sky, Sirius, or the Dog Star, greatly outshines its white dwarf companion, Sirius B. Where are white dwarfs located on an H-R diagram? Get Instant Solutions, 24x7. Our Sun is a yellow dwarf star, shiny but comparatively short-lived. Note that degenerate objects such as white dwarfs and neutron stars shrink as mass is added, as the increased gravity compresses the matter. The Jupiter-size planet completes an orbit every 34 hours around the Earth-size star. What does it mean to build relationships. Trillions of years The oldest known white dwarfs are about 12 billion years old. For example WD 0346+246 (WD 0346+246 - Wikipedia [ https://en.wiki... Because it emits no radiation, it is nearly impossible to see. This companion star, called Sirius B, had a surface temperature of about 25,000 kelvin, so it was though… So spectroscopy is a hugely powerful tool. 12.2 White dwarfs. Found inside – Page 60White Dwarfs emit light through the release of gravitational potential energy generated due to contraction. When a White Dwarf cools down completely and becomes invisible, it is called Black Dwarf. However, it takes such a long time for ... Between 1% and 4% of white dwarfs emit a signal that indicates a dust ring or disk, possibly leftover from the asteroids and comets pulled around … a 0.5 M Sun white dwarf has a radius of 1.5 R Earth; a 1.0 M Sun white dwarf has a radius of 0.9 R Earth; a 1.3M Sun white dwarf has a radius of 0.4 R Earth; This is pretty weird. Many things give off light, but white light is the only visible light, and is made up of many different colors, like a rainbow. White dwarfs have the peculiar property that more massive ones are smaller. However, the time required for even the lowest-mass white dwarf to cool to this temperature is calculated to be longer than the current age of the universe; hence such objects are expected to not yet exist. In some 6 billion years it will end up as a white dwarf — a small, dense remnant of a star that glows from leftover heat. The main sequence method pegged its age of birth to about8 billion years ago, while the white dwarf method yielded a much younger age ofjust 6 billion years. Then you’d have to worry about confinement. The existence of white dwarfs is intimately connected with stellar evolution stellar evolution, Colder objects emit waves with very low frequency (such as radio or microwaves), while hot objects emit visible light or even ultraviolet and higher frequencies.. Blackbody radiation is a term used to describe the relationship between an object's temperature, and the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation it emits. If you are down by the shore at night, you see lighthouses emit a blinking light. Found insideA low-mass star such as our sun is expected to collapse and move from its red giant stage to its fifth and final stage, that of being a white dwarf star. In this stage, it does not produce any energy and merely emits light from stored ... Upvote (2) Was this answer helpful? Found inside – Page 300The smaller star, Sirius B, is a white dwarf, seen here at the five o'clock position in the glare of Sirius. ... Recent satellite observations at ultraviolet wavelengths— where white dwarfs emit most of their light—demonstrate that the ... This artist’s impression shows the strange object AR Scorpii. As a simplified answer, a red giant is a dying star in which fusion in the core has stopped, but fusion continues for a time in a shell around the... True or False: a nova can occur to a white dwarf star only once. upcoming events, and more. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. ... mass is pulled of the one star and it accretes on the white dwarf star until the mass of the white dwarf star becomes so big that the star collapses under its own weight. Our universe comprises trillions of star, but there seems to be an uneven distribution among them, as the star variety that defines most of them, as compared to all the other stars combined, is the Red Dwarf. This is called the Chandresekhar limit, and is the most mass that the electron degenerate core can hold up. No longer emitting heat or light, the white dwarf will become a black dwarf. What is the source of energy that permits it to continue to emit light? Found inside – Page 31Chapter 3 Spectral characteristics Objects emit light when they are hot . ... a still hotter body would radiate mostly X - rays . 3.1 THE WHITE DWARF SPECTRUM A white dwarf is one of the nearest approximations to a blackbody ( see Fig . A typical white dwarf has a carbon and oxygen mass similar to the Sun, but is much smaller in size (similar to the Earth). These are only to exist in theory as white dwarfs take tens of billions of years to cool to the point they do not emit light. So it does not emit any light. The light they generate comes from the slow, steady release of prodigious amounts of energy stored up … A paper by astrophysicists Adam Schneider and Evgenya Shkolnik from Arizona State University, recently published in The Astronomical Journal,has revealed that the hottest and most massive M-dwarfs, referred to as ‘early type’, emit different amounts of UV radiation over their lifetime compared to the less massive and cooler ‘mid-’ and ‘late-type’ M-dwarfs. Photons emitted by electrons in a white dwarf (?) Observations of white dwarfs are difficult because they cool quickly and become dim. Red dwarfs are also cooler than the sun. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The radius of a 1 Msun neutron star is around 10km, while the radius of a 3 Msun neutron star is about 9km. The mass and radius calculated in this way do not always agree with the values calculated in other ways, such as  by measuring the starâs motion through space.Â.
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