HHS Three promoters have been tested driving the cysteine synthesis genes: two general promoters, the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat and mouse phosphoglycerate kinase promoter, and a rumen-specific promoter … Darwish HR, El-Shorbagy HM, Abou-Eisha AM, El-Din AE, Farag IM. These studies demonstrate efficient introduction of genes into the sheep genome and indicate that transgenes are expressed and heritable. These experiments show that GH enhances IGF-I expression in vivo by predominantly transcriptional mechanisms. Transgenic Sheep Produced for the CRC for Premium Quality Wool undergraduate program by; Dr. Kevin Ward, CSIRO Animal Production. Ullah F, Jamal SM, Ekegbu UJ, Haruna IL, Zhou H, Hickford JGH. Transgenic sheep and wool growth: possibilities and current status. Results suggest that 100 ng/ml IGF-1 in culture medium may affect proliferation of ovine spermatogonia stem cells. To our knowledge this is the first reported improvement in a production trait by genetic engineering of a farm animal without adverse effects on health or reproduction. Out of 45 million kg. In order to determine how GH regulates IGF-I gene expression we have analyzed the response of hypophysectomized rats to a single ip injection of recombinant GH. ministry of textiles 106 Table 8.1 Overview of Woollen Industry Total no. Many of the growth-promoting properties of GH are mediated by insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), a highly conserved circulating 70-amino acid peptide. Two G1 lambs were sacrificed to study tissue specificity. Epub 2018 Aug 4. Cell proliferation was evaluated at 4, 7 and 10 days. Transcription run-on experiments using isolated hepatic nuclei and direct analysis of nuclear RNA demonstrated a rise in nascent IGF-I mRNA within 30 min of GH treatment, with peak levels reaching more than 10-fold above background by 2 h and declining by 6 h. As determined by RNase protection assays, transcripts directed by each promoter were coordinately and equivalently activated after GH. From these results we conclude that 671 bp of the promoter sequence from the ultra-high-sulfur keratin gene is sufficient to direct the correct development-specific and tissue-specific expression of the reporter gene construct in transgenic mice. A controlled feeding trial revealed no significant differences in feed intake. The application of genetic engineering to domestic livestock was investigated by studying the phenotypic effects of two metallothionein-growth hormone fusion genes on the phenotypes of transgenic mice and transgenic sheep. Baicalin, a flavonoid, affects the activity of human dermal papilla cells and promotes anagen induction in mice. Transgenic sheep were produced by pronuclear microinjection with a mouse ultra-high-sulfur keratin promoter linked to an ovine insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) cDNA. Effect of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) on proliferation of ovine spermatogonia stem cells. of raw wool, and accounting for 3.1% of total world wool production. 2020 Jan 1;98(1):skz381. In this review, several of the key areas currently under investigation are examined and their progress evaluated. In the G2 sheep, transgenic fleece weight did not differ significantly from nontransgenic either as lambs or at the end of the lamb year. Circulating IGF‐1 concentrations were not significantly different between transgenic and nontransgenic animals, suggesting that local mechanisms were more important than systemic mechanisms for wool production, but were significantly higher in males than in females. Improvement of wool production through genetic engineering. Physiol Rev, 70, 591-614, Hair-specific expression of chloramphenicol aceyltransferase in transgenic mice under the control of an ultra-high-sulfur keratin promoter, The genetic engineering of production traits in domestic animals. In sheep transgenic for a sheep insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) cDNA driven by a mouse keratin promoter, we assessed wool production and properties in 51 adults of the first generation (G1) and in 56 lambs of the second generation (G2). Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. J Genet Eng Biotechnol. In the G2 sheep, transgenic fleece weight did not differ significantly from nontransgenic either as lambs or at the end of the lamb year. The transgene was expressed not only in skin but also in a wide range of other tissues. We have generated a transgenic mouse line by microinjection of a chimeric DNA fragment (KER-CAT) containing a hair-specific, murine ultra-high-sulfur keratin promoter (KER) fused to the coding region of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. To improve wool growth rate by increasing the supply of cysteine to the follicle, transgenic sheep are being produced carrying the two genes necessary for endogenous cysteine synthesis. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. world, having 6.15 crores sheep, producing 45 million kg. There was a trend for transgenic animals to have coarser wool of lower staple strength. Wool production in transgenic sheep: results from first-generation adults and second-generation lambs. 1998;9(2):135-47. doi: 10.1080/10495399809525900. Reprod Fertil Dev. Epub 2014 Dec 2. Of the tissues tested for CAT activity in these transgenic animals only skin with growing hair, isolated hair follicles, and microdissected vibrissae showed substantial levels of activity. Furthermore, analysis of the CAT activity during the developmental stages of the hair growth cycle shows that the chimeric gene is expressed during the anagen phase of the hair growth cycle; this is the expected time during development for its expression. Growth of the single transgenic lamb expressing hGRF was similar to control lambs. transgenic with mMTbGH, and both had bGH mRNA present in liver, kidney, and gut. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov.  |  Grading of Wool. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Transgenic sheep were produced by pronuclear microinjection with a mouse ultra-high-sulfur keratin promoter linked to an ovine insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) cDNA. In one lamb, plasma growth hormone was as high as 700 ng/ml. Two transgenic rams were mated to nontransgenic ewes, and both transmitted the gene to their offspring in Mendelian fashion. Pronuclei of Merino sheep embryos were injected with the fusion gene construct ovine metallothionein la-ovine GH. Effects of AANAT overexpression on the inflammatory responses and autophagy activity in the cellular and transgenic animal levels. Transgenic sheep have been produced expressing a transgene for ovine GH by microinjection of a gene construct possessing the coding region linked to a metal-activated (metallothionein) promoter for controlling expression. Polymorphism in the ovine keratin-associated protein gene KRTAP7-1 and its association with wool characteristics. Registered in England & Wales No. New polymorphism in the 5' flanking region of. At yearling shearing (approximately 14 months of age), clean fleece weight was on average 6.2% greater in transgenic animals than in their non-transgenic half-sibs, with a greater effect in males (9.2%) than females (3.4%). 3099067 In situ hybridization demonstrated that transgene expression in the skin was confined to the keratogenous zone of the wool follicle cortex. Type A spermatogonia were identified by immuno-histochemical staining against PGP9.5 antigen. Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. 01). 1990 Jan;8(1):6-11. doi: 10.1016/0167-7799(90)90123-f. Kalds P, Zhou S, Cai B, Liu J, Wang Y, Petersen B, Sonstegard T, Wang X, Chen Y. Transgenics showed a small but significant increase in bulk, but male transgenics had a lower staple strength than female transgenics and non-transgenics which did not differ significantly.  |  J Anim Sci. Five transgenic lambs resulted from the microinjection of 591 embryos; one male and one female showed IGF1 expression in the skin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. Nine of the 63 had integrated the mMThGRF gene. The transfer of recombinant DNA by microinjection of embryo pronuclei provides a novel approach to the manipulation of production traits in domestic animals. Front Genet.  |  CAT expression was found in the skin of one G0 ram and in 9 out of 26 transgenic G1 progeny. The rapid kinetics of IGF-I gene activation and the temporally associated chromatin changes demonstrate a direct link between a GH-dependent signal transduction pathway and nuclear events. Two fusion genes were constructed. Epub 2014 May 16. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. 2015. Targeting gene expression to the wool follicle in transgenic sheep. Trends Biotechnol. At second‐and third‐year shearing, however, fleece weights were not significantly different. The experimental information obtained so far in the area indicates that transcriptional regulation of the genes and a thorough understanding of the physiological processes involved are both important factors in the practical application of the technique to the improvement of animal productivity. Spermatogonia stem cells and surface area in culture with 100ng/mg IGF-1 at days 4, 7, 10 were greater (P <0.05) compared with other treatments or controls. 1996 Feb;14(2):181-4. doi: 10.1038/nbt0296-181. There was a trend for transgenic animals to have coarser wool of lower staple strength. From a total of 435 sheep ova injected with mMThGRF and transferred to recipients, 54 lambs were born and 9 fetuses were collected. The first, MTSGH5, consisted of the sheep metallothionein-Ia promoter joined via a Sall restriction enzyme site to the coding sequence of the … Of 85 lambs born, 43 … Expression of CAT activity in skin was correlated with diet-induced or seasonal changes in the rate of wool growth. There were no significant differences in fiber diameter, medullation, and hogget body weight. A single GH-responsive DNase I hypersensitive site was mapped in chromatin to the second IGF-I intron. Get the latest research from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus. The possibilities inherent in the alteration of structural proteins important to domestic animal productivity, and some ethical issues relevant to the release of modified animals are also considered. Some of the transgenic sheep grew faster and produced more wool than … Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The promoter was activated by providing zinc to the sheep via drinking water. Sheep and Goat Genome Engineering: From Random Transgenesis to the CRISPR Era. 2015 May;388(5):583-6. doi: 10.1007/s00210-014-1075-0. The lamb that expressed the hGRF gene did not release GH in response to an hGRF challenge. Wool production in transgenic sheep: Res .... Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. The wool follicle density and fleece weight were increased. cultured for 10 days with IGF-1 10, 40 and 100ng/ml in media or without IGF-1 as control. A controlled feeding trial revealed no significant differences in feed intake. Four of five fetal offspring of a nonexpressing mMThGRF transgenic ram also contained the mMThGRF gene and, like the sire, failed to express the gene as determined by either liver hGRF mRNA or by plasma hGRF. Powell BC, Walker SK, Bawden CS, Sivaprasad AV, Rogers GE. Epub 2017 Aug 10. 2018;14(11):1850-1869. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1490852. increase of 17% in December, but during the winter nadir rates were similar. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. transferred. This keratin promoter appears useful for overexpressing factors in the wool follicle that might influence wool production or properties. Shin SH, Bak SS, Kim MK, Sung YK, Kim JC. New wool follicles were induced by high expression of β-catenin in sheep. 1994;6(5):615-23. doi: 10.1071/rd9940615. 2019 Sep 3;10:750. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00750. Increased wool growth in transgenic sheep has been achieved in New Zealand by introducing an insulin-like growth factor-1 gene associated with a keratin promoter (Damak et al., 1996).

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