Although it was risky, Trudeau invoked the War Measures Act in order to solve the problem. He was disliked by the Quebecois nationalists.[138]. It wouldn't stop me from concentrating on my studies so long as that was possible..[I]f you were a French Canadian in Montreal [at that time], you did not automatically believe that this was a just war. In government, Pierre Trudeau made it clear early on that he would be increasing the francophone presence in Ottawa. Last Lunch with TrudeauMcGill law professor William Tetley recounts Pierre Elliott Trudeau's thoughts on the October Crisis. [52] More controversial than the declaration (which was backed by the NDP and, with some opposition in caucus, the PCs) was the implementation of the Act's principles: between 1966 and 1976, the francophone proportion of the civil service and military doubled, causing alarm in some sections of anglophone Canada that they were being disadvantaged. The Liberals won no seats in Alberta, though, where Peter Lougheed was a vociferous opponent of Trudeau's 1974 budget. Trudeau frequently displayed the logic and love of argument consistent with that tradition.

[22]:180–190 According to The Economist, when Trudeau returned to Canada in 1949 after an absence of five years, his mind was "seemingly broadened" from his studying at Harvard, the Institut d'Études Politiques, and the LSE and his travels. Any special programs or considerations that had been allowed to First Nations people under previous legislation would be terminated, as the special considerations were seen by the Government to act as a means to further separate Indian peoples from Canadian citizens.

The western provinces blamed the devastating oil bust of the 1980s on the NEB which led to what many termed "Western alienation". His role in this effort, and his related battles with Québec on behalf of Canadian unity, cemented his political position when in office despite the controversies he faced—and remain the most remembered aspect of his tenure afterwards. Why was Pierre Trudeau considered such a good prime minister. [67], While popular with the electorate, Trudeau's promised minor reforms had little effect on the growing rate of inflation, and he struggled with conflicting advice on the crisis. Less dramatic, but of lasting significance, was the Official Languages Act of 1969, a central feature of Trudeau's new federalism. He defended vigorously the newly implemented universal health care and regional development programmes, as well as the recent reforms found in the Omnibus bill. But his decision to invoke the War Measures Act in 1970 and round up hundreds of innocent people was a dangerous and unnecessary abridgment of our freedoms.
The Canada Act, which included the Constitution Act, 1982 and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, was proclaimed by Queen Elizabeth II, as Queen of Canada, on April 17, 1982. [79], After a series of defeats in by-elections in 1978, Trudeau waited as long as he could to call a statutory general election in 1979. [45][46], Trudeau's first government implemented many procedural reforms to make Parliament and the Liberal caucus meetings run more efficiently, significantly expanded the size and role of the Prime Minister's office,[47] and substantially expanded social-welfare programs. They sparked protests about separation and more independence for Quebec. [117][118], When his divorce was finalized in 1984, Trudeau became the first Canadian Prime Minister to become a single parent as the result of divorce. Trudeau himself was elected in the safe Liberal riding of Mount Royal, in western Montreal. During the annual 1975 Christmas interview with CTV, Trudeau discussed the economy, citing market failures and stating that more state intervention would be necessary. However, the academic wording and hypothetical solutions posed during the complex discussion led much of the public to believe he had declared capitalism itself a failure, creating a lasting distrust among increasingly neoliberal business leaders. What were the causes of WWI and could the war have been prevented? An important new piece of legislation passed in 1969 was the Official Languages Act, which is designed to ensure that the federal government is able to provide services to English- and French-speaking Canadians in the language of their choice. Trudeau led the Liberals to a majority government. After restoring a Liberal majority in 1974, Trudeau faced the effects of inflation. It is his passion. Shortly after, Laporte was murdered by his abductors. [134][135], More particularly, two incidents involving Trudeau are remembered as having fostered Western alienation, and as emblematic of it. With nationalism and separatism growing in Quebec, Pierre Trudeau argued for a renewed federalism, and he began to consider turning to federal politics. [4] Earlier in his tenure, he had met with opposition from the provincial governments, most notably with the Victoria Charter. Sentiments of this kind were especially strong in oil-rich Alberta where unemployment rose from 4% to 10% following passage of the NEP. Trudeau criticized the Liberal Party of Lester Pearson when it supported arming Bomarc missiles in Canada with nuclear warheads.[36]. His speech against the Charlottetown Accord (see Charlottetown Accord: Document) at the Maison du Egg Roll in Montréal on 1 October 1992 has been credited with turning English Canadian opinion against the Accord in the 1992 Referendum. [26] He studied at the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris. Trudeau was not boring unlike other prime ministers because he brought fun to politics and he did it with style. [171][172] The most recent reprint was in 2006. The Trudeau government also implemented programs which mandated Canadian content in film, and broadcasting, and gave substantial subsidies to develop the Canadian media and cultural industries. [40] Trudeau paraphrased the term from Martin O'Malley's editorial piece in The Globe and Mail on December 12, 1967. Style and fun only will not make you a good prime minister.

He wrote in his memoirs that he found this period very useful later on, when he entered politics, and that senior civil servant Norman Robertson tried unsuccessfully to persuade him to stay on. The leadership convention was close, but Trudeau won and became prime minister. The forced "voluntary enrolment", was scathing.[22]:191. YOUR MUSEUM. The most dramatic event of Trudeau's first government was the October Crisis of 1970, which was precipitated by the kidnapping of British diplomat James Cross and Québec Cabinet minister Pierre Laporte by the terrorist Front de Libération du Québec (FLQ). No, it is not his record that makes us call Mr. Trudeau great. It became one of the Liberal's most contentious policies. [35] In economic theory he was influenced by professors Joseph Schumpeter and John Kenneth Galbraith while he was at Harvard. [75], In 1976, Trudeau, succumbing to pressure from the Chinese government, issued an order barring Taiwan from participating as China in the 1976 Montreal Olympics, although technically it was a matter for the IOC. He was far more interested in foreign policy than economics, but here too his record was disappointing. In 1971 Trudeau married Margaret Sinclair, daughter of a former Liberal Cabinet minister. However, many Liberals still had reservations given that he joined the Liberal Party in 1965 and that his views, particularly those on divorce, abortion, and homosexuality, were seen as radical and opposed by a substantial segment of the party. [80], In the election of 1979, Trudeau and the Liberals faced declining poll numbers and the Joe Clark–led Progressive Conservatives focusing on "pocketbook" issues. In Montreal in the early 1940s, we still knew nothing about the Holocaust and we tended to think of this war as a settling of scores among the superpowers.
[69] In October 1975, in an embarrassing about-face, Trudeau and new Finance Minister Donald Macdonald introduced wage and price controls by passing the Anti-Inflation Act. On the eve of the election, during the annual Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day parade in Montreal, rioting Québec sovereignists threw rocks and bottles at the grandstand where Trudeau was seated, chanting "Trudeau au poteau!" In the ensuing general election — which was dominated by "Trudeau-mania" — his government won a majority, and thus he began a period in office which was to last longer than that of any other prime minister before him, except Mackenzie King and Sir John A. Macdonald. Winning his first election as Prime Minister in 1968, he set out to remake Canada. Lending substance to the phrase "the style is the man," he has imparted, both in his and on the world stage, his quintessentially personal philosophy of modern politics. [145][unreliable source?] No other prime minister has seized our attention the way he did. At the federal level, Trudeau faced almost no strong political opposition in Québec during his time as Prime Minister. [27] This cemented Trudeau's belief that Keynesian economics and social sciences were essential to the creation of the "good life" in a democratic society. [77][76], As the 1970s wore on, growing public exhaustion towards Trudeau's personality and the country's constitutional debates caused his poll numbers to fall rapidly in the late 1970s. [110][111] While a serious romantic relationship, there was no express marriage proposal, contrary to one contemporary published report. Volume 1, The magnificent obsession reprinted in 1997, was the winner of the Governor General's Award.


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