The recommendation was overruled by General Bantz J. Craddock, commander of US Southern Command, who referred the matter to the army's inspector general. Stephen Soldz, Steven Reisner and Brad Olson wrote an article describing how the techniques used mimic what was taught in the SERE-program: “the military’s Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape program that trains US Special Operations Forces, aviators and others at high risk of capture on the battlefield to evade capture and to resist ‘breaking’ under torture, particularly through giving false confessions or collaborating with their captors”. US Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia said on BBC Radio 4 that since these methods are not intended to punish they do not violate the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution, barring “cruel and unusual punishment”, and as such may not be unconstitutional. Former CIA Director Michael Hayden said in 2010: After the killing of Osama bin Laden, a Washington Post report, quoting U.S. officials including former attorney general Michael Mukasey, asserted that the interrogation of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed and Abu Faraj al-Libbi provided a courier's pseudonym "al-Kuwaiti" which ultimately allowed them to locate Bin Laden. The technique used by the Armed Forces or any other government branch in the U.S. has proven to be effective in getting people to talk much sooner. Dick Cheney stated: “I know specifically of reports… that lay out what we learnt through the interrogation process and what the consequences were for the country”, however the only examples publicly released that attempt to support this claim are: The claim that the waterboarding of Khalid Shaikh Mohammed helped prevent a planned attack on Los Angeles in 2002 – which ignores the fact that he wasn’t captured until 2003, and Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi who had confessed that Iraq had trained al Qaeda in the use of weapons of mass destruction which was then used as justification for the subsequent invasion of Iraq – a confession now known to be false. [132], The United Nations Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Professor Manfred Nowak, on January 20, 2008 remarked on German television that, following the inauguration of Barack Obama as new President, George W. Bush has lost his head of state immunity and under international law the U.S. is now mandated to start criminal proceedings against all those involved in these violations of the UN Convention Against Torture. But I felt duty-bound to be true to the facts. In early 2002, following Abu Zubaydah's capture, assertedly Jose Rodriguez head of the CIA's clandestine service, asked his superiors for authorization for what Rodriquez called an "alternative set of interrogation procedures." He warned that criminalizing the process could cause policymakers to second-guess themselves and “harm our national security well into the future.”. The memos, known today as the torture memos, advocate enhanced interrogation techniques, while pointing out that avoiding the Geneva Conventions would reduce the possibility of prosecution under the US War Crimes Act of 1996 for actions taken in the War on Terror. Lewis, Neil A.; Schmitt, Eric (May 5, 2005). "[23] Senator Bob Graham, who CIA records claim was present at the briefings, has stated that he was not briefed on waterboarding in 2002 and that CIA attendance records clash with his personal journal. This creates an intense amount of pressure on the legs, leading first to pain and then muscle failure. An academic analysis by Professor Shane O’Mara of the Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience concluded that “Prolonged stress from the CIA’s harsh interrogations could have impaired the memories of terrorist suspects, diminishing their ability to recall and provide the detailed information the spy agency sought”. But, the only examples that have been publicly released to support this claim are the following: Professor Shane O'Mara of the Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience concluded from a study that "Prolonged stress from the CIA's harsh interrogations could have impaired the memories of terrorist suspects, diminishing their ability to recall and provide the detailed information the spy agency sought".[98][99]. The working group based its new guidelines on a legal memo from the United States Department of Justice Office of Legal Counsel written by John Yoo and signed by Jay S. Bybee in August 2002, which would later become widely known as the "Torture Memo." Many of the interrogation techniques used in the SERE program, including waterboarding, cold cell, long-time standing, and sleep deprivation were previously considered illegal under U.S. and international law and treaties at the time of Abu Zubaydah’s capture. “They took good knowledge and used it in a bad way,” another of the sources said. [40] Despite these shortcomings of experience and know-how, the two psychologists boasted of being paid $1000 a day plus expenses, tax-free by the CIA for their work. The less redacted version of the August 1, 2002 memo signed by Assistant Attorney General Jay Bybee (regarding Abu Zubaydah) and four memos from 2005 signed by Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General Steven Bradbury addressed to CIA and analysing the legality of various specific interrogation methods, including waterboarding, were released by Barack Obama administration on April 16, 2009. General Counsel Mora and Navy Judge Advocate General Michael Lohr believed the detainee treatment to be unlawful, and campaigned among other top lawyers and officials in the Defense Department to investigate, and to provide clear standards prohibiting coercive interrogation tactics. Report... is a record of interviews with black site detainees, conducted between October 6 and 11 and December 4 and 14, 2006, after their transfer to Guantánamo. Torture Expert Says U.S. Should Probe Bush-Era Torture Claims With Intention to Prosecute", http://cnsnews.com/news/article/un-torture-expert-says-us-should-probe-bush-era-torture-claims-intention-prosecute, "Lawmakers Urge Special Counsel Probe of Harsh Interrogation Tactics", http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2008-06-08/politics/36779438_1_special-counsel-interrogation-policies-justice-department, "U.S. Practiced Torture After 9/11, Nonpartisan Review Concludes", http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/16/world/us-practiced-torture-after-9-11-nonpartisan-review-concludes.html?_r=0, "MSNBC News Anchor Brian Williams 5/3/11 interview with CIA Director Leon Pannetta", "Former senior Bush official on torture: 'I think what they did was wrong'", "Council of Europe Report Gives Details on CIA Prisons", "Bin Laden Raid Revives Debate on Value of Torture", "CIA whistleblower Kiriakou gets posh send-off to prison", http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/cia-whistleblower-kiriakou-gets-posh-send-off-to-prison/2013/02/21/b3f0a2b8-7c7c-11e2-a044-676856536b40_story.html, MSNBC Report of Obama speech describing techniques used at Guantanamo as torture, "Holder Tells Senators Waterboarding is Torture", President Obama Discusses Possible Prosecution of Bush Administration Officials, "Hard Measures: Ex-CIA head defends post-9/11 tactics", "Bush Aides Linked to Talks on Interrogations", "Bush aware of advisers’ interrogation talks", "Top Bush Advisors Approved 'Enhanced Interrogation' - Detailed Discussions Were Held About Techniques to Use on al Qaeda Suspects", Joby Warrick and Dan Eggen "Hill Briefed on Waterboarding in 2002", "Report: Top Members of Congress Were OK With Waterboarding in 2002", Molly Moore "Report Gives Details on CIA Prisons", "As Bush Adviser, Rice Gave OK to Waterboard", April 30, 2009, "Rice Defends Enhanced Interrogation" by Glenn Kessler, Jason Leopold, "Cheney Admits He 'Signed Off' on Waterboarding of Three Guantanamo Prisoners", http://abcnews.go.com/ThisWeek/week-transcript-vice-president-dick-cheney/story?id=9818034, "Rachel Maddow Interview of Philip Zelikow, Transcript", Michael Isikoff "We Could Have Done This the Right Way", "Six Questions for Jane Mayer, Author of the Dark Side", Brian Ross, "CIA- Abu Zubaydah: Interview with John Kiriakou: Transcript", Brian Ross, Matthew Cole, and Joseph Rhee "The CIA's $1000 a Day Specialists on Waterboarding, Interrogations", "Report: Two Psychologists Responsible for Devising CIA Torture Program", Joby Warrick and Peter Finn "Harsh Tactics Readied Before Their Approval", Katherine Eban, "Torture Memos Link Lawyers and Psychologists", "China Inspired Interrogations at Guantánamo", http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/02/us/02detain.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&, Derek Summerfield "Fighting 'terrorism' with torture: torture is a form of terrorism: there are no justifications for it", The Pentagon's IG Report Contradicts What the APA Has Said About the Involvement of Psychologists in Abusive Interrogations - A Q&A on Psychologists and Torture, Amy Goodman "The Dark Side: Jane Mayer on the Inside Story of How the War on Terror Turned Into a War on American Ideals, Interview Transcript", "Enforced Disappearance, Illegal Interstate Transfer, and Other Human Rights Abuses Involving the UK Overseas Territories: Executive Summary", "Waterboarding Historically Controversial", "Command's Responsibility: Detainee Deaths in U.S. Michael Chertoff, the Homeland Security Chief under Bush, declared that the TV series 24 "reflects real life" - despite the series depicting its main character as encountering different "ticking time bombs" 12 times a day on average. ", , "The OLC "torture memos": thoughts from a dissenter", Senate backs intelligence bill restricting CIA interrogation tactics, "Senate Passes Ban On Waterboarding, Other Techniques", "Bush to veto intelligence bill restricting CIA interrogation tactics", Bush vetoes bill outlawing CIA waterboarding, "President Bush Vetoes Waterboarding Ban2, Obama issues torture ban, orders CIA 'secret prisons' closed, "Obama Issues Directives on Detainees, Interrogation, Guantanamo", The Washington establishment's plans for Obama's executive orders, Executive Order -- Ensuring Lawful Interrogations, Newsweek: Inspector General Report Reveals CIA Conducted Mock Executions, Tortured Justice: Using Coerced Evidence to Prosecute Terrorist Suspects (2008), Interrogation techniques at 'Britain's Abu Ghraib' revealed, Ex-US spy Anthony Shaffer talks about interrogation techniques during his posting in Afghanistan, Former captives alleged to have (re)joined insurgency, Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World, Withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan, https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques?oldid=5216256, Abdomen strikes: A hard, open-handed slap is dealt to the prisoner's. Confinement to wet, dark, hot or cold conditions, usually naked. '"The methods consisted of making prisoners stand for long periods, sleep deprivation ... playing music at full volume, having to sit in uncomfortably ... Rumsfeld authorized these specific techniques." However, President Obama, Attorney General Holder, and Guantanamo military prosecutor Crawford called some of the techniques torture. Enhanced interrogation techniques are methods of obtaining information from prisoners captured in battle zones. ", Chief Guantanamo interrogator says most info not forced from detainees, "Whatever it takes. According to Jane Mayer, during the transition period for then President-elect Barack Obama, his legal, intelligence, and national-security advisers had met at the CIA's headquarters in Langley to discuss "whether a ban on brutal interrogation practices would hurt their ability to gather intelligence", and among the consulted experts: On January 22, 2009 President Obama signed an executive order requiring the CIA to use only the 19 interrogation methods outlined in the United States Army Field Manual on interrogations "unless the Attorney General with appropriate consultation provides further guidance. In the summer of 2009 NPR decided to ban using the word torture[89] in what was a controversial act. [10] American and European officials including former CIA Director Leon Panetta, former CIA officers, a Guantanamo prosecutor, and a military tribunal judge, have called "enhanced interrogation" a euphemism for torture. In addition, in 2002 and 2003, several Democratic congressional leaders were briefed on the proposed “enhanced interrogation techniques.” These congressional leaders included Nancy Pelosi, the future Speaker of the House, and Representative Jane Harman.

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