In the meantime, Columbus had to mesmerize the natives in order to prevent being attacked by them and gain their goodwill.

They have no iron …They would make fine servants … With fifty men we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever we want.”. Soon after first contact, Eurasian diseases such as smallpox began to devastate the indigenous populations, which had no immunity to them.

There are many spices, and great mines of gold and other metals...[66], After Columbus's return, Pope Alexander VI issued four bulls (the first three of which are collectively known as the Bulls of Donation), to determine how Spain and Portugal would colonize and divide the spoils of the Americas.
Lester, C. Edwards, Andrew Foster, and Amerigo Vespucci. With his chains at last removed, Columbus wore shortened sleeves so the marks on his skin would be visible. "[90] Pedro de las Casas, father of the priest Bartolomé de las Casas, also accompanied Columbus on this voyage.[91]. [120] From 4 to 12 August, they explored the Gulf of Paria, which separates Trinidad from what is now Venezuela, near the delta of the Orinoco. This led to a protracted series of legal disputes known as the pleitos colombinos ("Columbian lawsuits"). [138], With the Age of Discovery starting in the 15th century, Europeans explored the world by ocean, searching for particular trade goods, humans to enslave, and trading locations and ports. "[108] Indirect evidence suggests that some serious illness may have arrived with the 1,500 colonists who accompanied Columbus's second expedition in 1493. In 1500, the Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral arrived at a point on the eastern coast of South America on the Portuguese side of the dividing line. [221] The diseases that devastated the Native Americans came in multiple waves at different times, sometimes as much as centuries apart, which would mean that survivors of one disease may have been killed by others, preventing the population from recovering. [68][69] Columbus later maintained that he had already seen a light on the land a few hours earlier, thereby claiming for himself the lifetime pension promised by Ferdinand and Isabella to the first person to sight land. Multiple culprits were given a potentially fatal 100 lashes, sometimes while naked. He never clearly renounced his belief that he had reached the Far East and gave the name indios ("Indians") to the indigenous peoples he encountered. If it pleases our Lord, I will take six of them to Your Highnesses when I depart, in order that they may learn our language. The Columbian Exposition lasted several months, and over $40 million in commemorative postage stamps had been sold.

Columbus's voyages are considered some of the most important events in world history, kickstarting modern globalism and resulting in major demographic, commercial, economic, social, and political changes. [24] He left Portugal for Castile in 1485, where he found a mistress in 1487, a 20-year-old orphan named Beatriz Enríquez de Arana. Columbus had some of his crew hanged for disobedience. [113] At the palace, the royal couple heard the brothers' pleas; Columbus was brought to tears as he admitted his faults and begged for forgiveness. [66] Since there were no gold mines on the island, the Indians had no chance of meeting Columbus' quota and thousands are reported to have committed suicide. These issues were made from the original dies of which the first engraved issues of 1893 were produced. There are later claims that Columbus was also captured, but this is not backed up by Columbus's log book. The king submitted the proposal to his experts, who rejected it after several years.
Columbus called this island San Salvador, in the present-day Bahamas or Turks and Caicos; the indigenous residents had named it Guanahani. [108][ai] Bobadilla had orders to find out "which persons were the ones who rose up against the admiral and our justice and for what cause and reason, and what ... damage they have done," then "detain those whom you find guilty ... and confiscate their goods. During the 15th and 16th centuries, leaders of several European nations sponsored expeditions abroad in the hope that explorers would find great wealth and vast undiscovered lands. Before Columbus left Spain, he was directed by Ferdinand and Isabella to maintain friendly, even loving, relations with the natives. Columbus's goal was to find the Strait of Malacca to the Indian Ocean. At the time of Columbus' voyages, the Americas were inhabited by Indigenous Americans. anti-Spanish and anti-Catholic disinformation campaign, transitional between those two cultural areas, "Six Things You Didn't Know About Christopher Columbus", "Christopher Columbus (Italian explorer)", "Christopher Columbus and the Spanish Empire", "Columbus's Plana landfall: Evidence for the Plana Cays as Columbus's 'San Salvador, A People's History Of The United States 1492–Present, "Letter of Christopher Columbus to Luis de St. Angel on his first voyage to America, 1492", "The Third Voyage of Christopher Columbus", "Christopher Columbus Voyage on Tripline", "The Third Voyage of Columbus, 1498–1500", https://erenow.net/biographies/columbus-the-four-voyages-1492-1504/11.php, "Lost document reveals Columbus as tyrant of the Caribbean", Colonial Spanish America: A Documentary History, "Oldest map to use word 'America' up for sale", "Christopher Columbus Suffered From a Fatal Form of Arthritis", The Cambridge encyclopedia of human paleopathology, "The new book 'The Other Slavery' will make you rethink American history", European Voyages of Exploration: Christopher Columbus, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voyages_of_Christopher_Columbus&oldid=983457576#Second_voyage, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Christopher Columbus and Castilian crew (among others), European rediscovery and colonization of the Americas. Eventually, though, he capitulated to much of the Roldán's demands. His landing place was an island in the Bahamas, known by its native inhabitants as Guanahani. [61], Columbus sent half of the crew members to the island to fulfill their vow, but he and the rest of the crew stayed on the Niña, planning to send the other half to the island upon the return of the first crew members. The hawk's bells were to be filled with gold every three months.

On 3 November, Columbus sighted a rugged island that he named Dominica (Latin for Sunday); later that day, he landed at Marie-Galante, which he named Santa María la Galante. Conditions were so bad that Spanish authorities had to send a new governor to take over.

[8] Columbus's refusal to accept that the lands he had visited and claimed for Spain were not part of Asia might explain, in part, why the American continent was named after the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci and not after Columbus.[57][e]. They could not get up to search for food, and everyone else was too sick to care for them, so they starved to death in their beds. Koning, Hans.

The Europeans rescued three of these boys.[96]. [202][209][210][211] Within indigenous circles, Columbus is often viewed as a key agent of genocide. 112, pp. Columbus’ contract with the Spanish rulers promised that he could keep 10 percent of whatever riches he found, along with a noble title and the governorship of any lands he should encounter.


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